FORMATION AND ECOLOGICAL-AMELIORATION STATE OF SOILS IN THE DRYING BOTTOM OF THE ARAL SEA
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In this article, the ecological and reclamation state of the soils formed on the dried-up bottom of the Aral Sea was assessed using geoinformation technologies. The research covered an area of 4.2 million hectares in the Republic of Karakalpakstan, and was carried out on the basis of field observations, analysis of soil sections, and laboratory and camera work. One main section was excavated for every 450 hectares and chemical analyses were performed. As a result, maps of soils, salinity, distribution of toxic salts, geomorphological zoning, and agrolandscape were compiled on a scale of 1:200,000. The research showed that aeolian processes, sand migration, and salinization are accelerating on the dried-up bottom. It was found that as a result of global warming and a decrease in the level of surface water, the vegetation cover has decreased and desertification processes have intensified. The results obtained are of significant scientific and practical importance in assessing the ecological state of the region and planning reclamation measures.
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