Kremniy dioksidni olishning zamonaviy usullari

Abstract

This paper analyzes the main chemical and physicochemical methods of producing silicon dioxide (SiO₂), their advantages and potential applications. Owing to its high chemical and thermal stability, large surface area, adsorption properties and capacity for modification, silicon dioxide is widely used in modern materials science, catalysis, adsorption, pharmaceuticals, electronics and many other fields. Of particular importance for producing SiO₂ are the sol-gel, precipitation, hydrothermal and aerosol/pyrolysis methods, chemical vapor deposition and extraction from biogenic raw materials. Studies show that the particle size, porosity, specific surface area, chemical purity and morphology of the resulting SiO₂ depend on the process parameters. The production of SiO₂ from agricultural waste, including rice husk and other silicon-rich biomaterials, is considered an especially promising direction both environmentally and economically.