Qoraqalpog‘iston tarixiy me’moriy obyektlarida an’anaviy qurilish materiallarini saqlash muammolari
Problems of preserving traditional building materials in the historical architectural sites of Karakalpakstan
Main Article Content
Abstract
The paper examines problems of preserving traditional building materials (adobe, rammed earth and baked brick) in the historical architectural sites of Karakalpakstan on the basis of an analysis of scientific literature and documents. The problems are grouped into physico-chemical, intervention-quality, management-monitoring and environmental categories, and a criterion for distinguishing compatible from incompatible materials is proposed. The lack of quantitative material data for Karakalpak sites is identified as a research gap.
Article Details
Section

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
References
UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Tentative List: Ancient towns and fortresses of the Aral Sea region (Karakalpakstan, Uzbekistan). URL: https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/6903/
Houben H., Guillaud H. Earth Construction: A Comprehensive Guide. London: ITDG Publishing, 1994. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3362/9781780444826
Manzano-Fernández S., Vegas López-Manzanares F., Mileto C., Cristini V. Principles and Sustainable Perspectives in the Preservation of Earthen Architecture from the Past Societies of the Iberian Peninsula // Sustainability, 2024, 16(12), 5172. DOI: 10.3390/su16125172 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su16125172
Doehne E. Salt weathering: a selective review // Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2002, vol. 205, pp. 51–64. DOI: 10.1144/GSL.SP.2002.205.01.05 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2002.205.01.05
Rodriguez-Navarro C., Doehne E. Salt weathering: influence of evaporation rate, supersaturation and crystallization pattern // Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 1999, 24(3), pp. 191–209. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9837(199903)24:3<191::AID-ESP942>3.0.CO;2-G
Gandreau D., Sadozaï C. Preservation of the Greater Kyz Kala at Ancient Merv. CRAterre, 2015. URL: https://hal.science/hal-04048096v1
Takhirov S., Rakhmonov B.S., Nafasov R. et al. First Step Toward Preservation of Ancient Toprak Qala in Uzbekistan: Estimation of Erosion and Deterioration Rates by Laser Scanning // Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions (SAHC 2023). RILEM Bookseries, vol. 47. Cham: Springer, 2024, pp. 581–590. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-39603-8_47 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-39603-8_47
UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Itchan Kala (Uzbekistan), No. 543: Outstanding Universal Value. URL: https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/543
UNESCO World Heritage Centre. State of Conservation (SOC 2021): Itchan Kala (Uzbekistan). URL: https://whc.unesco.org/en/soc/4179
Durdieva G.S., Kaliev N. Methods of the construction and materials of the ancient Khorezm fortresses // Science and Education in Karakalpakstan, 2019, no. 3. ISSN 2181-9203.
Heritage of Karakalpakstan: history, culture, nature, museums. Tashkent: UNESCO Office in Tashkent, 2021. URL: https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000376142