Транспортная зависимость как угроза внешнеэкономической безопасности Узбекистана

Abstract

The article assesses Uzbekistan's transport dependence as a factor of vulnerability in its foreign economic relations. The aim of the study is to determine under what conditions dependence on transit states, individual modes of transport and international corridors can turn into a risk to the resilience of foreign trade. The information base comprised data from the National Statistics Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2024–2025 and materials from the World Bank, the Asian Development Bank, UNCTAD and the Ministry of Transport. Systemic, comparative, structural and statistical analyses were used. It is shown that transport vulnerability is determined not only by geographic isolation but also by the limited substitutability of routes, the quality of border and transit procedures and the state of infrastructure. A calculation for the five largest trading partners shows a marked geographic concentration of foreign trade; however, this indicator is not a direct index of transport dependence. It is concluded that the alternative corridors actually available need to be expanded and their interchangeability improved.