Orol dengizining qurigan tubidagi tuz-chang aerozollari Orolbo‘yi mintaqasida ekologik xavf omili sifatida

Abstract

The desiccation of the Aral Sea has led to the formation of the Aralkum, a new desert area that is one of the most important sources of dust and salt aerosols in Central Asia. The article examines the environmental and social risks associated with the formation, transport and deposition of aerosols from the dried bed of the Aral Sea. The aim of the study is to summarize current knowledge of the mechanisms by which salt-dust storms form in the Southern Aral Sea region, to assess their impact on ambient air quality, natural ecosystems and the population, and to identify priority areas for environmental monitoring and risk reduction. The study is based on the results of ground-based meteorological and aerosol observations, Earth remote sensing data, the results of statistical and mathematical modeling, and scientific publications by domestic, Karakalpakstan-based and foreign researchers. It is shown that the salt-dust storms of the Aralkum have a distinctive character associated with the high mineralization of the surface deposits of the dried seabed. Current studies confirm the large spatial extent of dust plumes and the high proportion of fine particles capable of remaining in the atmosphere for a long time. On the basis of an analysis of current studies, ways are proposed to improve the monitoring and forecasting of dust storms and the notification of the population about emerging risks.