Nukus shahrining sho‘rlangan tuproqlarida totimning morfo-anatomik va fiziologik moslashish xususiyatlari
Morpho-anatomical and physiological adaptation features of sumac on saline soils of Nukus city
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Abstract
This article investigates the anatomical, physiological, and biochemical adaptation mechanisms of Sumac (Rhus L.) species introduced into the Aral Sea region (Nukus city), characterized by water scarcity, extreme heat, sharply continental climate, and high chloride-sulfate soil salinity. The study examines the deep root architecture, ion regulation via Na⁺/H⁺ antiporters, xeromorphic-halomorphic leaf structures (thick cuticle, crypt-embedded hypostomatic stomata, dense trichomes), and protective bud scales. The dynamics of photosynthetic pigments (protective role of carotenoids) and the accumulation of proline as an osmoprotectant (increasing 3–5-fold) under salt and drought stress were identified. The mechanism of water balance regulation through stomatal closure and transpiration suppression during peak heat hours is demonstrated, substantiating the high potential of Rhus L. for urban greening and phytoremediation in the Aral Sea region.
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