Разработка технологии получения экологически безопасных пестицидных средств на основе природных терпеноидов

Abstract

Two termite species are common in Uzbekistan: the Turkestan termite (Anacanthotermes turkestanicus Jacobs, 1904) and the large Transcaspian termite (A. ahngerianus Jacobs, 1904). Multiplying rapidly, they cause enormous damage to settlements, historical monuments of ancient culture, institutions, schools, hospitals, farms, warehouses and other structures.

In our phytochemical studies, a number of effective termiticidal sesquiterpenoids with prolonged stomach action, such as cnicin, salonitenolide, cumambrin A and arteannuin B, were isolated from Jurinea kokanica, Handelia trichophylla and Artemisia annua; when applied individually, they cause 94–100% termite mortality on days 6–10 of application.

Obtaining high and stable yields of agricultural crops requires the introduction of highly effective plant growth regulators that meet modern technological and environmental protection requirements.

This task is also relevant for rice cultivation, since rice is one of the staple foods of the population of Southeast Asian countries. Biological tests of the sesquiterpene lactones leucomisine and austricin, a mixture of leucomisine and austricin, and a water-soluble form of the total lactones isolated from the aerial part of Artemisia leucodes on seed germination, growth and yield of rice showed an average yield increase of 12–14 centners per hectare.