Karpsimon baliqlarda bronxiomikozning tarqalishi va oldini olish tadbirlari

Abstract

This article summarizes scientific information on the occurrence and prevention of branchiomycosis in cyprinid fish, including the biology of the causative agents, epidemiological factors, clinical signs, pathological changes and preventive measures. Branchiomycosis, commonly known as gill rot, is an important fungal disease affecting the gill apparatus of freshwater fish. The disease is mainly associated with fungi of the genus Branchiomyces, particularly B. sanguinis and B. demigrans. B. sanguinis is predominantly localized in the blood vessels of the gills, where fungal hyphae may obstruct blood flow and induce thrombosis, ischemia and necrosis. B. demigrans can develop both within and outside the blood vessels. The development of branchiomycosis is associated with elevated water temperature, high concentrations of organic matter, insufficient water exchange, excessive stocking density, overfeeding and poor sanitary management. Severe lesions of the gill tissue impair respiration and may result in rapid mortality. Preventive measures should include regular monitoring of water quality, adequate aeration and water exchange, removal of dead fish, quarantine of newly introduced fish, disinfection of equipment, proper stocking density and periodic sanitary treatment of ponds. Particular attention should be paid to prevention during warm periods when environmental conditions may favour disease development.