Qoramollarni oziqlantiriş xususiyatlari

Abstract

The paper reviews cattle feeding in the Republic of Karakalpakstan, where, under a sharply continental climate and difficult ecological conditions, producing cheap milk and meat is the main task. Higher milk and meat output is linked to proper rations for dairy and beef cattle and a stable forage base from local grasses; according to scientists, increasing cattle output depends 70% on properly organized feeding and keeping. Since early pasture grass is rich in protein but very low in dry matter, cow feeding norms should be monitored according to digestible nutrients, dry matter, milk yield and quality, and the cow’s physiological state. Specialized farms widely use pasture keeping, turning animals out once grass reaches at least 15–18 cm. Silage feeding is used mainly for dairy cows: in winter, silage makes up 45–50% of the daily feed, i.e., animals should be given 30–35 kg of corn silage daily on average. Measures to intensify milk production include preparation of pregnant heifers for calving, prevention of barrenness, veterinary-sanitary measures, selection work, and artificial insemination with semen from bulls of “improving” breeds and highly prepotent sires. The sugar-to-protein ratio in dairy cow rations should be 1:1; if it is insufficient, metabolism is disturbed and milk yield falls.