Стратегическая модернизация аграрного сектора Узбекистана: механизация, финансы и цифровые технологии

Abstract

The document examines the comprehensive development of the agricultural sector as the foundation of food security, economic independence and competitiveness of the state. Successful examples of the Netherlands, New Zealand and Brazil are given. For Uzbekistan, the key growth points are described: diversification of sown areas, deep processing, water-saving technologies, greenhouse farms, export logistics, certification and digitalization. The turning point of the reforms since 2017 is noted: liberalization, abolition of the state order and development of clusters. Particular attention is paid to the mechanization of agriculture: the current level of mechanization (81% overall, 52% in cotton harvesting), plans to purchase machinery (800 cotton harvesters and 6000 units of other machinery in 2026), and leasing on preferential terms (up to 10 years, 18% per annum with 8% compensated from the budget). Tasks are set to increase the production of domestic machinery 5-fold and to raise localization to 30–65% by 2028. Financial support measures are considered: subsidizing 15% of the cost of machinery (660 billion soums), lending through Agrobank (growth from 1.6 to 3.9 trillion soums in 2026), automation of loan issuance (from three days to three hours), and the creation of agro-service zones with agricultural agents. Pilot projects using artificial intelligence in livestock farming, horticulture and water management are noted, as well as the creation of a venture company with a capital of 100 billion soums to finance startups.