Экологическая политика Нового Узбекистана: общенациональный проект «Яшил макон» как инструмент устойчивого развития

Abstract

The article examines the environmental policy of the Republic of Uzbekistan as a strategic foundation for sustainable development, protection of public health and strengthening of the economic stability of the state. The accumulated environmental problems are analyzed: the drying up of the Aral Sea, dust storms, air pollution, water scarcity, desertification and loss of biodiversity. The role of the country’s foreign policy initiatives on the platforms of the UN, the International Fund for Saving the Aral Sea and the SCO is shown. Particular attention is paid to the nationwide project “Yashil Makon”, implemented since 2021: annual planting of 200 million seedlings (266.5 million in 2025), creation of 942 green gardens and parks, 256 thousand ha of forests and protective forest plantations on 2 million ha of the dried bed of the Aral Sea, and an increase in the greening level from 8 to 14.2%. The provisions of the Presidential Decree of 25 March 2026 are considered: raising the greening level to 30% by 2030 and the area of green spaces to 9–10 m² per capita, reducing PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations by 20–25%, creating botanical and dendrological gardens with an area of at least 100 ha in each region, as well as a system of moral and material incentives for citizens and entrepreneurs. The creation of the National Dendrological Park with an area of 108 ha, “green technical colleges” and halophyte parks is noted.